Introduction In today’s rapidly evolving battlefield, electronic warfare (EW) stands alongside kinetic, cyber, and information warfare as a decisive factor in military success. The United States has long recognized the critical importance of the electromagnetic…
Introduction United States sanctions have long played a central role in shaping the political and economic landscape of Iran, particularly in the field of military and weapon technology. Over the decades, Washington has implemented a…
Introduction The 21st-century battlefield is undergoing a profound transformation. Advances in robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), sensors, and data processing are ushering in an age where autonomous weapons—machines capable of selecting and engaging targets without direct…
Introduction In today’s hyper-connected world, the lines between physical and digital security are blurred. Critical infrastructure — the essential systems and assets that underpin modern society, such as power grids, water treatment facilities, transportation networks,…